SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY（系统病理学） 中国大学mooc慕课答案2024版 m225019

Overview of systemic pathology and Cardiovascular system diseases（1） 课程概述 心血管系统疾病（1） Unit quiz （01）单

1、 Which of the following morphology is the basic pathological change of benign hypertension?

A:Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
B:Onion skin lesion
C:Fibrinoid necrosis
D:Hyaline degeneration
答案: Hyaline degeneration

2、 Which type of the arteries is firstly insulted in the beginning of hypertension?

A:Arterioles
B:Medium-sized arteries
C:Large-sized arteries
D:All the arteries above
答案: Arterioles

3、 Which is the main morphological change of the heart when visceras are involved along with hypertension progress?

A:Right ventricle hypertrophy
B:Left ventricle hypertrophy
C:Left ventricle atrophy
D:Right ventricle atrophy
答案: Left ventricle hypertrophy

4、 Which patholgocal diagnosis is correct? 

A:.Concentric hypertophy of right ventricle
B:Concentric hypertophy of left ventricle
C:Eccentric hypertriophy of left ventricle
D:Eccentric hypertriophy of right ventricle
答案: Concentric hypertophy of left ventricle

5、 Please find out the constitutional factor to induce atherosclerosis.

A:Hyperlipidemia
B:Familial hypercholesterolemia
C:Hypertension
D:Diabetes mellitus
答案: Familial hypercholesterolemia

6、 Foam cells mainly derive from

A:Neutrophils
B:Fat cells
C:Endothelial cells
D:Macrophages and smooth muscle cells
答案: Macrophages and smooth muscle cells

7、 The complicated plaque do not include

A:Hemorrhage
B:Thrombosis
C:Fatty streak
D:Aneurysm
答案: Fatty streak

8、 Which is the primarily involved branch for coronary atherosclerosis?

A:Right coronary artery
B:Left anterior descending branch
C:Left coronary artery
D:Left circumflex branch
答案: Left anterior descending branch

9、 Which one is the commonest complication for myocardial infarction？

A:Arrhythmias
B:Myocardial rupture
C:Ventricular aneurysm
D:Mural thrombus
答案: Arrhythmias

10、 Which is not the types of coronary artery heart disease？

A:Angina pectoris
B:Sudden cardial death
C:Myocardial infarction
D:Congestive heart failure
答案: Congestive heart failure

Cardiovascular system diseases（2） 心血管系统疾病（2） Unit quiz （02）单元测验（02）

1、 The microorganisms associated with rheumatic fever are

A:staphylococci
B:streptococci
C:fungi
D:rickettsiae
答案: streptococci

2、 The characteristic feature of rheumatic myocarditis is 

A:fibrinous exudate 
B:fibrinoid necrosis
C:vegetation
D:Aschoff body
答案: Aschoff body

3、 Anitschkow cells are

A:activated macrophages 
B:activated cardiomyocytes
C:activated fibroblasts
D:activated lymphocytes
答案: activated macrophages 

4、 In acute infective endocarditis, the most common causative organisms are 

A:streptococcus viridans 
B:staphylococcus albus
C:staphylococcus aureus
D:rickettsiae
答案: staphylococcus aureus

5、 The vegetations of infective endocarditis are found most frequently on 

A:the aortic valves
B:the mitral valves
C:the tricuspid valves
D:the pulmonary valves 
答案: the mitral valves

6、 The vegetations of infective endocarditis consist of 

A:Anitschkow cells 
B:fibrinous exudate 
C:Aschoff bodies
D:fibrin and platelets , colonies of bacteria  and non-specific inflammatory reaction
答案: fibrin and platelets , colonies of bacteria  and non-specific inflammatory reaction

7、 Which valves are involved much more frequently in valvular heart disease ?

A:The tricuspid valves
B:The aortic valves
C:The mitral valves
D:The pulmonary valves
答案: The mitral valves

8、 The normal mitral valve area is about 

A:1.5-2 cm2 
B:4-5 cm2 
C:6-8 cm2 
D:1-1.5 cm2 
答案: 4-5 cm2 

9、 The first affected chamber of mitral stenosis  is

A:right ventricle 
B:right atrium 
C:left ventricle 
D:left atrium 
答案: left atrium 

Respiratory system diseases 呼吸系统疾病 Unit quiz （03）单元测验（03）

1、 Which of the following organism is the most common pathogen of lobar pneumonia?

A:Bacteria
B:Virus
C:Mycoplasma
D:Fungi
答案: Bacteria

2、 Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A:Lobar pneumonia is most frequently caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
B:Young adults with impaired immunity are at an increased risk of developing lobar pneumonia.
C:Most lobar pneumonia patients can have a complete recovery.
D:Bronchopneumonia is characterized by consolidation of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe.
答案: Bronchopneumonia is characterized by consolidation of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe.

3、 Which of  the following description about the figure of lobar pneumonia is correct?

A:There is marked massive confluent exudation in the alveolar spaces, containing red cells, fibrin, and neutrophils. 
B:Bacteria is easily detected in this stage.
C:The cellular exudate of red cells is reduced due to disintegration of many inflammatory cells.
D:This is a specimen in the stage of red hepatization.
答案: The cellular exudate of red cells is reduced due to disintegration of many inflammatory cells.

4、 Which of the following statements about bronchopneumonia is incorrect?

A:Bronchopneumonia is an acute infection of the terminal bronchioles that extends into the surrounding alveoli.

B:The patients of bronchopneumonia are generally young adults. 

C:Staphylococci and streptococci are common organisms responsible for bronchopneumonia. 

D:Chest radiograph shows multiple small nodular opacities separated by normal lung parenchyma.

答案: The patients of bronchopneumonia are generally young adults. 

5、 What is the basic pathologic change of bronchopneumonia?

A:Fibrinous exudative inflammation of alveoli 
B:Interstitial suppurative inflammation
C:Acute suppurative inflammation of alveoli 
D:All of above
答案: Acute suppurative inflammation of alveoli 

6、 Which of  the following description about the figure is incorrect?

A:The foci of inflammatory condensation is centered by a bronchiole with acute bronchiolitis. 
B:The inflammatory foci are separated by normal, aerated parenchyma. 
C:Capillaries in the alveolar walls show congestion. 
D:It is easy to identify the fibrinous exudate in the bronchiole lumen. 
答案: It is easy to identify the fibrinous exudate in the bronchiole lumen. 

7、 The major diffuse obstructive disorders refer to a group diseases, including the below conditions except

A:Bronchiectasis
B:Silicosis
C:Emphysema
D:Chronic bronchitis 
答案: Silicosis

8、 Which of the description about chronic bronchitis is wrong?

A:Pathologic examination shows hypertrophy of mucous glands in the trachea and bronchi.
B:Air pollutants is the most important risk factors of chronic bronchitis.
C:Chronic bronchitis shows chronic inflammation, bronchiolar wall fibrosis and coexistent emphysema.
D:Chronic bronchitis can complicated with pulmonary hypertension. 
答案: Air pollutants is the most important risk factors of chronic bronchitis.

9、 A 45-year-old man has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 20 years. For the past 4 years, he has had a chronic cough with copious mucoid sputum over 4 months every year. Which of the following pathologic condition best describes these clinical findings?

A:Bronchiectasis
B:Asthmatic bronchitis
C:Chronic bronchitis
D:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
答案: Chronic bronchitis

10、 Which of the description about the bronchiectasis is wrong?

A:An important diagnostic feature is the dilation of the proximal bronchi near the trachea.
B:Obstruction and chronic persistent infection are two processes crucial in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. 
C:Bronchiectasis usually affects the lower lobes bilaterally.
D:Bronchiectasis is abnormal and irreversible dilation of the bronchial tree proximal to the terminal bronchioles.
答案: An important diagnostic feature is the dilation of the proximal bronchi near the trachea.

11、 A 34-year-old man has chronic cough, amounts of foul-smelling, purulent sputum. Because of frank of hemoptysis in the sputum is taken to the emergency. On physical examination, pulse 115/min, and blood pressure 110/70mmHg. A chest radiograph was showed in the picture. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A:Chronic bronchitis
B:Viral pneumonia
C:Bronchiectasis
D:Lung cancer
答案: Bronchiectasis

12、 The pathological change(s) of silicosis is(are)

A:acute suppurative inflammation
B:the finding of large bronchi near the pleura
C:left ventricular hypertrophy
D:silicotic nodule and chronic pulmonary fibrosis
答案: silicotic nodule and chronic pulmonary fibrosis

13、 About nasopharyngeal carcinoma , which is wrong?

A:The incidence in men is higher than women.
B:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common cancer in East-Europe.
C:EBV is considered important factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 
D:Painless enlargement of upper neck lymph node is the commonest symptom.
答案: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common cancer in East-Europe.

14、 Which  picture is the keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharyngeal carcinoma? 

A:
B:
C:
D:
答案:

15、 Which is not the major types of international classification of lung carcinoma introduced by the WHO? 

A:Small cell carcinoma
B:Squamous cell carcinoma 
C:Leiomyoma
D:Adenocarcinoma
答案: Leiomyoma

Digestive system diseases（1） 消化系统疾病（1） Unit quiz （04）单元测验（04）

1、 Which disease is not associated with Helicobacter pylori  infection in the stomach?

A:chronic gastritis
B:acute  gastritis
C:gastric carcinoma
D:chronic gastric  ulcer
答案: acute  gastritis

2、 What is the main pathological change(arrow showed) in this picture?

A:atypia
B:acute inflammatory cells infiltration
C:intestinal metaplasia
D:gland atrophy
答案: intestinal metaplasia

3、 Which is not belong to the characters of chronic atrophic gastritis?

A:Atrophy of the epithelial elements including destruction of the glands.
B:Inflammatory cell infiltrate in the deeper layer of the mucosa.
C:Metaplasia.
D:No histological changes in the deep layer of mucosa containing gastric glands. 
答案: No histological changes in the deep layer of mucosa containing gastric glands. 

4、 Which is incorrect about complications of chronic duodenal ulcer?

A:malignancy
B:hemorrhage
C:penetration of adjacent organ
D:obstruction
答案: malignancy

5、 Which layer is showed(arrow noted)  in this picture of gastric ulcer? 

A:Inflammatory exudative
B:Granulation tissue layer
C:Necrotic debris layer
D:Scar tissue layer
答案: Granulation tissue layer

6、 Which is not belong to impaired defenses  causes in peptic ulcer? 

A:Ischemic hypoxic injury to the mucosal cells
B:High-dose corticosteroids, which suppress prostaglandin synthesis and impair healing
C:Delayed gastric emptying
D:Impaired regulation of acid-pepsin secretion
答案: Impaired regulation of acid-pepsin secretion

7、 Which type does this picture of  esophageal carcinoma present grossly?

A:ulcerative type
B:polypoid exophytic type
C:diffuse infiltrative type
D:narrowing  type
答案: polypoid exophytic type

8、 A 67-year-old woman has experienced severe nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and a 9-kg weight loss over the past 4 months. On physical examination, she has mild muscle wasting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy shows that the entire gastric mucosa is eroded and has an erythematous, cobble stone appearance.  Upper gastrointestinal radiographs show that the stomach is small and shrunken. Which of the following is most likely to be found on histologic examination of a gastric biopsy specimen?

A:Gastric adenocarcinoma
B:Granulomatous inflammation
C:Chronic atrophic gastritis
D:Acute gastritis 
答案: Gastric adenocarcinoma

9、 Gastric carcinoma is most commonly located in

A:the pyloric canal of the stomach
B:the body of the stomach
C:the cardia of the stomach
D:the fundus of the stomach
答案: the pyloric canal of the stomach

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