通用学术英语(北京科技大学) 中国大学mooc慕课答案2024版 m107249

作业Unit 1 Education Writing an extended definition essay

1、 Review what you have learned in this unit about definition. Write an extended definition of a term, be it a thing, a prolem, a concept or a theory, in your subject of study. It should be no less than 150 words.
评分规则:  The definition should be clear, logical and informative.

Unit 1 Education Self-assessment

1、 The scientific study of language, especially language form, language meaning, and language in context can be defined as linguistics. What type of definition is this?

答案: a naming definitio

2、 Psychology may be defined as the science that studies the behavior of man and other animals.In this definition, ‘the science’ is ______.

答案: the class

3、 An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Elections are scheduled on a regular cycle and usually involve both major and many small parties. In this definition, the italicized sentence serves as ______.

答案: narrative material

4、 Read the following noun phrase: those five beautiful shiny Arkansas Black apples sitting on the chair. What is the head noun?

答案: apples

5、 Read the following noun phrase: blended learning environments in which students become active and interactive learners. In this noun phrase, the italicized part is ______.

答案: post-modifier

6、 By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?

答案: All its courses are offered online.

7、 According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by __.

答案: a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction

8、 Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can __.

答案: work on the required courses whenever and wherever

9、 What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?

答案: There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.

10、 According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of __.

答案: cutting down on their expenses

11、 We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal. In the passage, the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is ___.

答案: approving

12、 By “held back” (Line 1, Para.1), the author means ___

答案: prevented from advancing

13、 The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the student’s ___.

答案: total personality

14、 Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?

答案: Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.

15、 The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ___.

答案: argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

16、 enhance awareness facilitate flexible perspectiveinsufficient evidence conflict adjustment resolution She went through a period of emotional ______ after her marriage broke up.
答案: adjustment

17、 The government is pressing for an early ______ of the dispute.
答案: resolution

18、 The new trade agreement should ______ more rapid economic growth.
答案: facilitate

19、 She found herself in ______ with her parents over her future career.
答案: conflict

20、 Our plans need to be ______ enough to cater for the needs of everyone.
答案: flexible

21、 Try to see the issue from a different ______.
答案: perspective

22、 This is an opportunity to ______ the reputation of the company.
答案: enhance

23、 It is important that students develop a(n) ______ of how the Internet can be used.
答案: awareness

24、 There is convincing ______ of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
答案: evidence

25、 His salary is ______ to meet his needs.
答案: insufficient

Unit 2 System self -assessment

1、 Which of the following is the most common structure of introduction in scientific papers?

答案: Inverted triangle introduction 

2、 Where should contextualization be included in a research article?

答案: Introduction

3、 Which of the following is not a stage in the inverted triangle structure of introduction?

答案: Discuss 

4、 In terms of voice, scientific writers have a tendency to use _voice.

答案: Passive voice

5、 The graph shows the number of cases of violence __ Newtown 1970 and 2010. As an overall trend, it is clear that the number of cases of violence increased fairly rapidly until the mid-eighties, remained constant around a decade _ 700 cases before dropping zero the late 1990s. 1990, the number of cases stood_ approximately 300. That number rose steadily _ 500 by 1999 and then more sharply ___ 900 in 2003.

答案: in/between/for/at/to/in/in/at/to/to

6、 Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t—we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and trav) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?

答案: Very little will be done to bring it under control.

7、 According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?

答案: It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. 

8、 Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ___.

答案: economic growth 

9、 The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ___.

答案: few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use 

10、 What is the message the author intends to convey?

答案: The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.

11、 Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in theUnited States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in theUnited States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from theUnited Stateswere the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research inFrance. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in theUnited Stateswere different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from theUnited States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that __.

答案: the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow 

12、 Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US __.

答案: was enforced by law 

13、 How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?

答案: By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries. 

14、 The authors of the Ambio study have found that __.

答案: forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected

15、 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists __.

答案: still consider lead pollution a problem

16、 obligation ignore significantly dependent convertdiverse appropriate encounter appoint distribution She was the most remarkable woman he had ever _____.
答案: encountered

17、 My interests are very _____.
答案: diverse

18、 She did not feel under any _____ to tell him the truth.
答案: obligation

19、 He _____ all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette.
答案: ignored

20、 Profits have increased _____ over the past few years.
答案: significantly

21、 A child’s development is _____ on many factors.
答案: dependent

22、 The hotel is going to be _____ into a nursing home.
答案: converted

23、 Now that the problem has been identified, _____ action can be taken.
答案: appropriate

24、 The map shows the _____ of this species across the world.
答案: distribution

25、 They have _____ a new head teacher at my son’s school.
答案: appointed

作业Unit 2 System Writing

1、 Choose one form of contextualization (e.g. historical, cultural, geographical, political, and so on) and write a section for one of the following two topics. Your writing should be between 150 and 200 words. 1. The reform of college entrance system in China2. The value system of Chinese nation
评分规则:  准确选择其中一种方法，恰当描述背景信息
语境信息部分是否呈现倒三角形结构，并大致遵循五大步骤。
用词是否恰当，语法是否准确，有无熟练运用被动语态及正确使用介词短语。语言是否有亮点，是否言之有物。

作业Unit 3 Behavior Comparison-contrast essay

1、 Review what you have learned in this unit about comparison/contrast. Write a comparison/contrast essay on human behaviors. It should be no less than 150 words.
评分规则:  The comparison/contrast essay may be clear and informative.

Unit 3 Behavior Self-assessment Test

1、 Which pattern is used in the following outline when comparison is made?Point 1 Object 1 Object 2 Point 2 Object 1 Object 2 Point 3 Object 1 Object 2

答案: The point-by-point pattern.

2、 What should be involved in the introductory part of a comparison essay?

答案: All above

3、 Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded – and can come back to haunt (困扰) you – appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna,Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time – in an instant message or phone call, say – than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email. Hancock’s study focuses on __.

答案: people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media 

4、 Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that __.

答案: people are most likely to lie in email communication

5、 According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

答案: They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.

6、 According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ___.

答案: salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate

7、 It can be inferred from the passage that __.

答案: suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes

8、 Psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing—older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, “end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young. Lately he’s been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. “My body is aging,” says Metcalf. “You can’t get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. “We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, “a sense of family.”Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. ‘The dads are older, more mature,” says Dr. Silber, “and more ready to focus on parenting.” Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?

答案: Older parents can take better care of their children.

9、 What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream” (Lines 5-6, Para. 1)?

答案: They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.

10、 The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that __.

答案: older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies

11、 What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst?

答案: Approaching of death. 

12、 What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?

答案: Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.

13、 To compare is to emphasize the similarities between things, ideas, concepts, or points of view.

答案: 正确

14、 Put the stages of classification in correct order. （答案书写形式为：1-2-3-4-5）1. Sort the information into categories2. Define the categories3. Consider the topic4. Establish the hypothesis5. Determine the classifying criterion
答案: 3-5-2-1-4

15、 The statement “Computers, although increasing small, are not always easy to carry from one place to another. However, the mobile phone can be carried with ease.” is a ___.
答案: comparison/contrast

16、 instability pessimistic tendency harmony trustworthy accomplishment manual supervisor considerable essence Money will be crucial to the ____ of our objectives.
答案: accomplishment

17、 She spent the summer doing ____ labor on her uncle’s farm.
答案: manual

18、 It shows the need to be in ____ with our environment.
答案: harmony

19、 You can leave a spare key with a(n) ____ neighbour.
答案: trustworthy

20、 I have a meeting with my ____ about my research topic.
答案: supervisor

21、 The project wasted a(n) ____ amount of time and money.
答案: considerable

22、 I have a(n) ____ to talk too much when I’m nervous.
答案: tendency

23、 In ____, your situation isn’t so different from mine.
答案: essence

24、 The patient has a history of emotional ____.
答案: instability

25、 They appeared surprisingly ____ about their chances of winning.
答案: pessimistic

下方是付费阅读内容：本平台商品均为虚拟商品，无法用作二次销售，不支持退换货，请在购买前确认您需要购买的资料准确无误后再购买，望知悉！

完整答案需点击上方按钮支付5元购买,所有答案均为章节测试答案，购买后上方矩形框将出现已付费的隐藏内容。

不知道怎么购买？点此查看购买教程！